Author: docmac

  • Healthy Living

    Four Keys To Healthy Living

    healthyliving

    Our health is the most important thing we possess! However, for one reason or another, many of us neglect taking care of ourselves.

    Some things may affect us differently, of course. Some people may not have access to the types of resources that enable them to make the healthiest choices. One thing that immediately comes to mind is their dietary sources.

    Regardless of the reason, the truth stands that our health is a vital component of living! Having a healthy lifestyle allows us to enjoy life for as long as possible. Whereas poor health can lead to a lower quality of life.

    Plus, the most important thing for most of us is that our health plays a huge role in determining our lifespan. You may know a ‘super-ager’ that you aspire to emulate. A super-ager is a person that is well into their senior years.

    They are healthy and vital people aged 80 and over. They appear so much younger than their peers and it’s easy to see they are loving life! They have reached the age they have mostly because of their lifestyle choices.

     

    There are several ways in which we can live a healthy life. One that will take us into our golden years too. Yes, there are plenty of potions and pills promising good health, however, your health greatly boils down to four key aspects – proper nutrition, regular exercise, stress management, and adequate sleep.

    In this report, we are going to cover these four keys to good health and how you can cultivate them, so you too can live a long, healthy life!

    The Four Keys To Living a Healthy Life

     The four keys to healthy living are:

     

    1. Nutritious diet

    2. Regular exercise

    3. Quality sleep

    4. Reduced stress

     

    If you incorporate the four keys into your life, you can expect to be physically and emotionally healthier, feel healthier in more ways than one and live longer!

    They are all great reasons to get started, don’t you think?

    So let’s get started with the first key. Following a healthy nutritious diet.

    Key 1 – Eat A Healthy, Nutritious Diet

    Our diet is what feeds our mind and body, so of course, it is an essential component of our health. We get almost all the nutrients necessary for the vital functioning of our body through the foods we eat.

    This is why if we don’t eat a healthy diet we put ourselves at risk of the effects of malnutrition. We increase our chances of developing and succumbing to chronic illness and life-threatening diseases.

     

    Eat A Balanced Diet

    So what exactly makes up a healthy, nutritious diet? Is it a diet filled with lettuce leaves and celery sticks? Many of us believe that to eat a healthy diet we have to exclude all foods in certain food groups and solely focus on eating bowls of salads and low-carb foods.

    While salads are good for you, these alone do not make up a healthy diet. Your diet needs balance, just like everything else in your life.

    A balanced healthy diet includes all the necessary nutrients, vitamins, and minerals required for optimal health. That means you need a properly balanced intake of macronutrients – protein, healthy fats, and complex carbohydrates.

    Plus, eating the right foods provide you with the essential micronutrients you need too. Eating a balanced diet gives you a great head start to living a long, healthy life.

     

    If You Count Calories, Eat Foods Full of Healthy Calories

    If you are someone who is always watching their weight and hung up on counting calories, make sure you eat foods that are filled with healthy calories.

     

    You may think that sticking to your calorie count every day is good for you, but if you are eating a small cup of fries and drinking a diet soda, all within your caloric range, then you are just kidding yourself.

     

    The quality of the calories from the foods you eat is another essential element of a healthy diet. Not all calories from food are created equally.

    Some types of food contain empty calories, which means that these foods are devoid of any nutritional value that your body needs. Consuming large quantities of these foods regularly can pose a potential health risk.

    These foods often include artificial sweeteners, unhealthy fats such as trans fats, and unhealthy sugars, such as high fructose corn syrup. These are all considered unhealthy choices.

    To have a healthy, balanced diet, start consuming foods with quality calories. These foods will fill you up and power your body to perform the tasks it needs to do without compromising your health.

    Fresh fruits and vegetables, whole grains, lean protein sources, and healthy fats are the key components of a healthy and nutritious diet.

     

    The Importance of Hydration

     

    Aside from eating healthy foods, drinking enough water is also a crucial part of staying healthy. Hydration keeps us going. Water quenches our thirst and helps regulate our body temperature, deliver essential nutrients to our cells, prevent infections, and keep organs functioning properly.

     

    Keeping your body well-hydrated has so many health benefits! Staying alive is just one good one to remember.

     

    Eating Your Way to Health

     

    In addition to having a healthy, balanced diet, how we eat is also an essential aspect of good health. Developing healthy eating habits helps us eat better and be more satisfied with our diet.

     

    Healthy eating practices include –

    • portion control, where you eat smaller portions more frequently, rather than bingeing when you are starving,
    • taking extra time to eat your meals,
    • cutting down on snacking, and
    • curbing emotional eating.

     

    If you can make healthy eating a habit, you will improve your life incredibly. Start with one small bite at a time!

    Key 2 – Exercise Is Important For A Healthy Life

    Many of us feel the need to start exercising as a way to manage weight, either to lose excess weight or to maintain weight loss. While increasing physical activity will help you burn more calories and fight the fat stores, there is more to exercising than just losing excess weight.

    walking

    Regular exercise is a great way to fight life-threatening diseases caused by a sedentary lifestyle.

    Exercising can help increase your good cholesterol (your high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol) while lowering triglyceride levels, which helps decrease the risk of heart disease, heart attack, and stroke.

     

    Exercising is also beneficial in combating and managing type 2 diabetes. Physical activity can help manage blood sugar levels as it can take the excess glucose away from the bloodstream and into the working muscles and organs.

    Exercising for Mental Health

     

    Regular workouts and physical activities are also great for our mental health. Exercise can help boost our mood, as the increase in physical activity releases endorphins, which are one of our happy hormones, making exercise an effective way to improve emotional health issues.

    Exercise can also help boost energy and provide better sleep, both of which are vital factors contributing to our mental health. Plus, if you exercise with friends you get the added benefit of being around people that lift you up emotionally!

    Follow An Exercise Routine That Works For You

    Do you feel as though exercising is out of your league? For many people, working out is an intimidating task. We often develop the misconception that for exercise to be effective, we have to work super hard to see results.

     

    However, starting an exercise routine does not have to be a daunting experience. You can make it as easy or as difficult as you like, just as long as it suits your fitness levels and needs.

     

    Remind yourself that consistency is the key here. If you want to reap the benefits, you need to be consistent. Therefore, it is essential to pick a type of exercise you enjoy so it is not a chore in your mind.

     

    Choose one that you look forward to and one you enjoy doing! You are more likely to stick to a routine that you love doing.

     

    Activities that we do not necessarily enjoy may be put in the ‘will do later’ basket. They provide no enjoyment so they get pushed aside. That’s natural with anything we don’t enjoy or want to do.

     

    Another thing to keep in mind is that not everyone has the same fitness level. If you are doing something with friends and feel left behind, just take it slow and work your way up. If you are consistent, you will catch up to their level.

     

    There are several workout routines you can do depending on your fitness goals. If you are not sure where to start, download an app (if you don’t have one already), that counts your daily steps.

     

    You will have fun watching the tally increase as you take one step at a time. You will probably find yourself walking more and more just to see that number grow! This is when your fitness routine becomes a great habit!

     

    Key 3 – Living Healthy Means Getting Quality Sleep

    Every day can feel like a rush. There is always so much to do. How can we get more hours into our day? Unfortunately, our fast-paced lifestyles can come at a price. As we try to fit more into our day we have to eat into our sleep time to find more time. So our sleep time gets sacrificed.

    How Sleep Improves Health

    We all need quality sleep to have our bodies perform optimally. Our sleep is directly related to our overall health. Getting enough sleep every night can improve cognitive performance, physical fitness, and mental health.

    qualitysleep
    Cozy bedtime. Peaceful pretty african woman sleeping in bed at home

    A lack of sleep can have severe effects on our well-being. Sleep deprivation can cause brain fog, and brain health issues, increase our risk for health conditions such as obesity and dementia, and more.

    Sleep can improve our physical health by strengthening our immune system, strengthening our heart and lowering blood pressure and heart rate, repairing our cells and muscles, and so many more physical functions we aren’t even consciously aware of!

     

    Aside from the physical health benefits, sleep is also important for our mental health. Getting a night of good sleep can help boost our mood for the rest of the following day. It can reduce anxiety and depression symptoms and is important in managing stress and other mental health problems.

     

    Sleep Cleans Your Brain To Keep It Healthy

    One of the reasons why sleep has such a restorative effect on our health is that our brains are cleansed whenever we sleep. During sleep, our restorative process flushes out waste and potentially toxic proteins that can build up in the brain, which can affect our neurons and how they interact with each other.

    If your brain is cleansed it can help reduce the risk of developing diseases such as Alzheimer’s Disease or dementia.

    However, this system is not activated during short sleep periods. Sustained sleep periods of 6 to 8 hours are considered necessary for adequate cleansing to occur. Researchers are studying correlations between the increased incidence of some dementia types and long-term poor sleep patterns.

    Improving Sleep Quality

     

    We can improve our sleep quality in different ways. One way is to reduce our exposure to blue light, especially in the evening. Blue light, often used in various electronic devices such as smartphones, tablets, and computers, can negatively impact your circadian rhythm by reducing melatonin production. This makes dozing off to sleep more difficult.

     

    You can also use tools or apps to cut out the blue light after a certain time on your devices. So if you are always online, it would be worth your while to look into setting this up.

    Reducing caffeine intake, especially in the afternoon, is another excellent way to help you improve your sleep quality. We all know that caffeine is a staple in the morning, as it can help stimulate our nervous system.

    Drinking caffeine in the afternoon, roughly within six hours before your bedtime, can upset your sleep, particularly for those sensitive to caffeine.

    Only you would know if caffeine upsets your sleep. One way is to look at when you had your last cup of coffee and count the hours to when you wake up during the night.

    Are you awake for a few hours? If so, caffeine could be the culprit. Change your routine and see if it is!

    Long daytime naps can also affect your sleep quality as they can confuse your body’s internal clock.

     

     

     

    Key 4 – Reduce Stress For Healthy Living

     

    Stress is part of all our lives. Have you ever heard someone say they have never felt stressed? Probably never. Nine times out of ten you only hear people say, ‘I am so stressed right now!’

    As it is difficult to evade all stress in our lives, the answer is to try to reduce stress, by finding ways to manage it.

    When we are under stress, our bodies also respond to the situation, which is not always good for our health. Our blood pressure spikes, our heartbeat quickens, and our nervous system goes into overdrive, while suppressing other physiological functions that are not helpful in our body’s natural response to stress.

    Stress becomes a problem when our body is constantly in survival mode, or under pressure. Our body never gets to fully recover or relax, so chronic stress is the result.

    So if we can’t remove all stress from our lives, how can we reduce it and get ourselves out of a stressful cycle? Here are a few tips for you.

     

    Practice Self-Care

     

    Self-care is not a luxury, we are not talking about taking a trip to the day spa, we are talking about self-care as a self-preservation strategy. This can be different things for everyone.

    The most important thing is to discover what type of self-care practices bring you joy, and it may well be going to a day spa! The point is that setting apart time for yourself does not have to be complicated or expensive.

    Activities such as taking a warm bath, reading a book that makes you feel good, or going on a short work are all within our capacities to enjoy. It has been shown that people who practice self-care have lower levels of stress and an overall improved quality of life.

     

    Create Boundaries

    Much of the time, our source of stress stems from our inability to set boundaries. For example, it could be challenging to say ‘no’ to additional work or to a friend who constantly seeks out our time.

     

    If you don’t set clear boundaries, you may find yourself taking on too much, which soon equates to too much additional and unwanted stress. For your mental and physical health’s sake, you need to know when to set boundaries and learn to say no.

     

    You will soon feel better about your decisions once you have set down rules with others, and it is a great step toward reducing your stress levels.

     

    Find a Peaceful Place For You To be On Your Own

    To help you destress, find a quiet place where you can soothe your mind. You may not want to ‘meditate’, but being in a quiet place and thinking your own thoughts can be just as helpful.

    If you can practice being more relaxed by focusing your attention on the present, and not stressing about what has happened or what you think may happen in the future, you can stop much of the noise and angst.

    You need to learn to declutter your mind and fill it with good things, not stress

    Conclusion

    Our health is life! Many people are not as fortunate in having good health as others. However, for those of us who can take action and improve our health, it is important that we do. Quite often if our health is suffering it is from our own doing.

    Nourishing our bodies with healthy food, keeping them strong with exercise, making sure we get quality sleep, and clearing our lives of undue stress, will make our journey to becoming a super-ager, so much easier!

    Our body goes through a great deal, emotionally and physically over the years, and we owe it to ourselves to ensure that we care for it the best way we can. Use the four keys above and enjoy healthy living!

     

     

  • The Doctor’s Doctor

    The Doctor’s Doctor: How To Be An Internist In Five Minutes

    Internists are known as the “Doctor’s Doctor”.

    The breadth of knowledge for internists is enormous. I often laugh at the computer science folks who do drivebyes on my blog and claim that one day a computer will neatly categorize all illness into neat algorithms and make me expendable.

    It is simply not possible.

    As an internist, I manage the whole body. And the evaluation and management I perform on every patient is multi tiered in its breadth and structure. I do this with every patient encounter. All day, every day.

    If you have five minutes, I’ll show you how to do what I do.

    I interpret my data points across four different organizational structures for every patient, every time. Consistency, consistency, consistency.

    • By Organ System. Looking at things by organ system is the first way to conquer disease evaluation and management.
    • Is the disease in the brain? The heart? They thyroid? The lungs? The gallbladder? The bladder? The blood vessels? The blood? The bone marrow? The skin? The neurons? The spinal chord? The colon? The eyes? The hair? The nails? The liver?
    • Disease can affect any organ and an internist’s job is to figure out which one.
    • By Category of Disease Process. Looking at things by category of disease process is another way an internist must classify the illness.
    • Is it infectious? Is it autoimmune? Is it hormonal? Is it traumatic? Is it genetic? Is it environmental? Is it medication induced? Is it a toxin? Is it allergic? Is it iatrogenic? Is it cancerous?
    • And within each of these categories of disease processes, the internist must ask himself which organ system the disease process is affecting.
    • Is it allergy induced asthma or is it genetic alpha-one antitrypsin induced emphysema. Is it alcohol related cirrhosis or Wilson’s disease. Is it myelodysplastic syndrome, a disease of the bone marrow, or is it medication induced pancytopenia.
    • What is the process of the disease?
    • Is It Systemic Or Localized? Once you understand the disease process and which organ it affects, you must also know whether the problem is a localized process or a systemic process, and if it is systemic, how else does it present.
    • So much in medicine is lost when you aren’t keeping your eyes open. When you focus so strongly on one part of the body and fail to understand the rest.
    • Some infections can be localized in an organ, like an abscess in the liver. Some infections can be systemic and involve multiple organs. Like mononucleosis. Some autoimmune diseases can affect just one organ, like multiple sclerosis and its effect on the neurons of the brain and spinal chord. Other autoimmune diseases, like lupus can span multiple organs, from kidneys and brain to heart and lungs. Lets go back to the cirrhosis example. So it wasn’t alcohol related after all. It was hemochromatosis, a genetic disease of iron metabolism that can also affect your skin, joints, pancreas and brain.
    • Is your disease process systemic or localized? Sometimes you find liver disease when your looking for arthritis.
    • It’s amazing disease doesn’t operate in a cubby hole. And if your disease is a systemic process, you must always be on the look out for its systemic complications.
    • Is It Acute Or Chronic? As an internist you want to know if the problem is new or old. Has the patient had heart disease for 25 years, or was it diagnosed last week? Has the patient had diabetes before or is that blood sugar of 350 a new finding? Is that Hgb of 8.9 new or was it there three years ago? Knowing whether something is new or old means all the difference in the world in how you approach it diagnostically. What are you going to do with the information you have in front of you?

    What you have here is how I break down every possible illness known to man.

    Every possible illness can be categorized by organ system, type of disease process, a systemic or localized process and acute or chronic nature.

    But we aren’t done yet.

    This is just the disease. Full of randomized controlled trials with objective data points. What about the patient? Where do they fall into the loop? Patients don’t come to your office complaining of Factor V Leiden. They don’t come to your hospital complaining of systemic inflammatory response syndrome. They don’t come to your office or hospital complaining of grade II esophageal varices.

    They come to your office complaining of a swollen leg. They come to your office with dizziness and pain when they pee. They come to your hospital vomiting blood.

    The goal of all physicians is to try and match the subjective complaints of the patient with the object data points.

    So you must add in the last component of being an internist

    • What Does The Patient Tell You? Are they pointing to one specific point in their belly and saying it hurts right here in my right lower quadrant? Or do they wave their hand over their belly and say it hurts all over? Are they even able to talk? Do they have one complaint? Or a hundred? Do their complaints make sense anatomically? Do they make sense physiologically? Is that pain that jumps from the right leg and makes a right angle turn across the abdomen into the left pinky finger real? Are their complaints believable? Are there too many complaints to believe any of them, the pan positive review of systems? Does mental illness cloud their reality?
    • What the patient tells you can either be diagnostic of a very specific condition or more likely, a generalized constellation of complaints that could be a multitude of disease processes as described above.
    • Great historians are wonderful. Bad historians are painful to work with.

     

    And after the patient has talked with you, Dr Internist, it’s your job to try and figure it all out, from the top of the their fro to the bottom of their big toe.

    It can be very simple

    • I’m coughing, short of breath and have fever and an infiltrate on chest xray which turns out to be a simple pneumonia.

    Or it can be something much more complex.

    • I’m coughing, short of breath and have fever and an infiltrate on chest xray may in fact be Wegener’s granulomatosis, an autoimmune process associated with acute renal failure. It may in fact be a post obstructive infiltrate caused by large lung mass and complicated by an empyema. It may in fact be acute lung injury caused by amiodarone toxicity. It may in fact be tuberculosis. It may in fact be an infarct from a pulmonary embolism. It may be a lot of things.

    It may be a lot of things. That’s what you can expect from your internist.

    That’s why you should want an internist taking care of you. That’s how an internist thinks. That’s how they were trained. That’s how they manage patients every day of the week.

    That’s why internists won’t be replaced with computers. That’s why they wont be replaced by extenders. In spite of the folks who say we just need more extenders to manage our health care system.

    They are not trained to do this type of critical thinking. They do not have the medical foundation or the experience to manage illness through these 4 concurrent stages of evaluation.

    I know this because I did not fully understand it until the end of my seven year journey to my National Board Examination, which certified me as a physician with expertise in this field of knowledge. A knowledge base you want if you ever get sick.

     

    There you are. That’s what your internist does. Every day. That’s why the world needs us. Because we have the ability to do something nobody else in the world can. And that is to be the doctor’s doctor.

  • How To Test Your Physical Fitness

     Test Your Physical Fitness

    If you are planning to start a new fitness routine, knowing your fitness level can help you get started the right way.

    You can target the areas that need improving the most if you know where your physical fitness is lacking. It will help you set the right goals, track your progress, and stay motivated.

    Here are some simple steps you can do to get an idea of your fitness level.

    Resting Heart Rate

    Your resting heart rate refers to the number of your heartbeats per minute (bpm) when you are at rest. It is a good indicator of your aerobic fitness. A lower resting heart rate means you have higher aerobic fitness. It means that your heart can pump more blood with every beat.

    You can measure your resting heart rate by your neck or wrist pulse. While looking at your watch, put your middle finger and index finger just below your jawline next to your windpipe, or on your wrist below the thumb. Count your heartbeats within 15 seconds and then multiply them by four. That gives you the number of heartbeats per minute.

    It’s often recommended to take your resting heart rate in the morning. Most healthy adults have 60 to 100 bpm, but a good target would be less than 60 bpm. If your heart rate at rest is above 100, that’s abnormally high and usually indicates a low level of aerobic fitness.

    Push-Ups

    Push-ups test the strength and endurance of your chest, shoulders, and arm muscles. It also challenges your core stability.

    It can help you assess your upper-body muscular strength and endurance based on how many you can do over a period of time. If you are a beginner or can’t do the classic push-up, you can perform the modified version on your knees. Do as many as you can until you feel like you need to rest.

    When doing push-ups, it is essential to practice good technique. You must ensure that your body is aligned with the spine and that your arms bend to 90 degrees.

    Ideally, you should be able to do at least 15 push-ups if you are a woman and 20 push-ups if you are a man. This will indicate your good upper-body fitness level.

    Sit-Ups

    Another way to measure your muscular strength and endurance is through sit-ups. This time, you’re testing your abdominal and hip-flexor muscles based on how many sit-ups you can do over a period of time.

    An average healthy adult should be able to do 35 sit-ups (women) or 45 sit-ups (men). If you can’t do that much, they can serve as your target in your fitness journey.

    Running or Jogging Test – This Is Not For Everyone

    If you are starting a training plan, and not suffering from an injury or in your senior years, this test is one you will probably want to do.

    Running or jogging tests can help you measure your aerobic fitness, as well as monitor your progress. You can also use them to predict your performance in other areas. To do the running test, you need to time how long it takes you to run a 1.5 mile (2.4 kilometers) distance.

    Ideally, you should run on a track or a distance with the same ground level, with no hills or interruptions. The average healthy fitness level is 13 minutes for women and 11 minutes for men.

    Planking

    Core stability is another critical fitness factor to measure. When you have strong core muscles, you won’t get easily fatigued and injured. You have better endurance and posture, allowing you to avoid lower back pain and muscle injuries.

    Planking is used to assess core stability. It refers to how long you can hold the plank position. To do this, you lie with your forearms on the floor, your fists facing each other, and your legs lifting your body, while your head, neck, back, and legs form a straight line.

    You have very good core strength if you can hold the position for at least two minutes. If you can hold it for more than a minute, you still have a relatively strong core.

    You need to improve your core strength if you can only do this planking exercise for less than one minute.

    In Summary

    Testing your physical fitness is an important step when you are starting a new training program or monitoring your fitness progress. It allows you to set the right goals or recalibrate your training depending on your progress.

    Keep track of your progress and don’t forget to celebrate your small wins to help keep you to stay motivated.

Copyright @ 2017 DrCurtisMcElroy